Hydrocarbon-burner.



C. BACKINGER.

HYDROOABBON BURNER.

APPLIoATIoN rum) Nov. a. 1910.

1 ',O22,348 Patented Apr. 2, 1912.

WITNESS'ES: INVENTOR f,

, Y y l y; AmJHNEr UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.'

CHRISTIAN" BACKINGER, OF SEATTLE WASHINGTON.

HYDROCARBON-BURNER.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CHRISTIAN Biwiuxmcn, a citizen ot the United States,residing at Seattle, in the county of King and State oit' Washington,have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Ilydrocarbon-Burners, of which the following is a specitication.-

This invention relates to means for burning hydrocarbon oils as fuel instoves, ranges or furnaces.v

The especial object of my improvements is to provide a burner for .usein domestic cook-stoves and -ranges that will be sate,y

practical and economical in operation and that will be particularlyadapted to the utilization of the heavier grades ot petroleum oil.

With these and other objects in view, to be set forth in the followingdescription oit' my improvements, the invention consists .in the novelconstruction ol an apparatus that may be installed in the lire-box otany cookstove or range; which will generate an intense heat in saidfire-box so dillused and general that it obviates the common defectamong domestic oil burners known to me, of concentration of highlyheated gases impinging on particular parts of the stove structure and aconsequent damage thereto from unequal expansion; which will volatilizeefficiently all the gaseous constituents` even in heavy oils without theagency ot' atmospheric air, thus avoiding under all conditions ol normaluse any possibilit-y ot' generating an explosive mixture within theapparatus; whose parts are all readily accessible and detachable topermit ot convenient cleaning andinspection; in which the supply ot'combustible gas is constant, equable and of sullicient volume for allrequirements, such as delivering heated gases ot' combustion through thereturn tlues about the stove oven; and in which all the said combustiblegases are consumed and utilized to the fullest extent in the generationot' heat, as shown by the quantity ol blue llames delivered therefromand the absen"e otI smoke in the combustion products.

` The invention further consists in the adaptation and combination otparts, as`

Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed November 2, 1910.

Patented Apr. A2, 1912.

ser-m1 No. 590,374.

in the accompanying drawings. In said drawings, Figure l is alongitudinal vertical section ol alwparatus embodying my invention; andFig. is a horizontal view along the broken `line of Fig l with the hoodthereot removed and showing the heat retaining ring superposed on thegratmg.

.ln the said drawings, the reference numeral 5 designates a base-pan,preferably rechmgular, as shown, and capable of being located within thelire-box of a range or cooking-stm'e by resting upon the grate thereol,or on any other suitable support. Such pan is desir-ably formed withoutwardly llaring sides tl and a bottom 7 having a centrally locatedboss S provided with a hole t) through which protrudes an upwardlydirected oil supply pipe l0 which conducts oil under pressure from asuitable source ot supply, usually an elevated reser- VOIP.

1l is a columnar support, herein shown as having rectangular verticalwalls surrounding said supply pipe l0 and forming a compartment 12therein. The walls of said support serve as a protection to the saidsupply pipe against undue heating with a consequent carbonization of oiltherein. The -air in said compartment is heated to a moderate degree,gradually warming the oil in said supply pipe and atl'ording a reserveof warmed air in close proximity to the points ol combustion. Apertures13 at the top and bottom ol? said walls atl'ord admission and egress toair within said compartment. Removably seated upon said support, andtrmly held thereon by a depending flange lll, is a horizontalrectangular plate l5 having a central boss 1G with a hole 17 therein inaxial alinement with the hole t) and a1'- rangcd to receive in closesliding engagement the upper end lll ot' said supply pipe. 'lheperimeter ol said plate is provided with a double ridge. 1S extendingentirely thereabout with a corresponding groove there between. Arectangular hood 19 provided with depending sides il() is arranged to betilted over said plate and is l'ormed with double grooves 2l with acorresponding ridge therebetween to be seated in the opposing parts t8ot' the plate. Upon a small -amount ol residue 'from the oil gasesgenhollow cone 24:.

erated in the vaporizing chamber 22 comprised between the said plate andthe hood being deposited at said interfitting contact, a practicallygas-tight joint is effected. Said plate is symmetrically arrangedlongitudinally upon each comprises upon each side of the latter ahorizontal plane surface 23 and an inverted Each said concis providedwith an open upper end, a vertically arranged nozzle" opening 25 at itslower slightly truncated end, and comprising a superheating chamber 26therein. The outer walls of said cones may be corrugated to promote theabsorption of heat from the combustion chamber 28 and its radiationwithin the said superheating chamber. The upper perimeter of saidsuperheating chamber is bounded by a wall 29 raised above the surface 23and of less height than said ridges 18. 30` is an extension of said wallblocking the iow of oil directly to an opening 31 in the wall andcausing any oil not vaporized upon the surface 23 to take a circuitouscourse, as by the passage 32 to obtain access to said superheatingchamber.

Directly beneath and about the exterior walls of each of the saidsuperheating chambers and including the space comprised within andbetween the said base-pan 5 and the hood 19 is what I term thecombustion chamber wherein a combustible mixture is formed between thevapors `generated within the chambers 22 and 26 and the oxygen of theair, the vapor being under pressure. To promote the rapid combination ofthese elements I interposep a grating 33l of cast iron in saidcombustion chamber raised above the bottom 7 of the pan, as upon legs34, to afford a space therebeneath. Said grating may be formed withgrate-bars 36, or in any suitable manner to provide interstices4 37communicating with the space Integral with each of said gratings asshown in Fig. 1, or superposed thereon as shown in Fig. 2, is aheat-retaining ring 38 preferably positioned approximately concentric tothe nozzle 25.

All of the said parts are or may be made of cast metal and may bereadily assembled and removed for inspection or cleaning. The hood 19 isprovided with an apertured lug 39 integrally formed thereon by which itmay be lifted conveniently. Dirt or residue -from the volatilized oildeposited on the plate may thereupon be readily removed. Said plate maylikewise be lifted from the support l1 and the supply pipe, to whichlatter it is connected, by a slip-joint, as explained.l

It is to be understood that I do not limit myself to the precisearrangement and combination of parts hereinabove set forth andillustrated in the drawings, as it is obvious that various modificationsmight or could be side of said boss 16 and.

,and openings as may made in details without departing from the spiritof the invention or from the scope of the appended claims.

The operation of the invention may be described as follows: Oil ispermitted to flow through the oil-supply pipe l() from the reservoir andmay be controlled by a suitable valve (not shown) exteriorly of thestove. Oilemerging from the open end 10 of said pipe overflows over thehorizontal surface 23 of the plate upon each side of said pipe. Saidplate is highly heated by the combustion of gases exteriorly thereof.Volatilization and expansion of said oil ensues within the chamber 22and the gas is forced into the superheating chamber 26 where it isfurther expanded by. heat and emitted through the respective nozzle 25and impinged against the grate-bars 36.

Free access of atmospheric air, as by an .open draft in the stove tochamber of my apparatus, is obviated as much as practicable as I haveclearly shown by experiment that best results are obtained with saiddevices by closing any direct draft appliance about the stove andcausing the air to enter through such occasional cracks be foundtherein, to break up the total amount of air entering into many currentsflowing from diverse directions. By thus reducing and diffusing theamount of oxygen admitted to the combustion chamber and avoiding anydirect draft thereof through the ues of the stove, but causingpractically all the air entering the tire-box to unite with thehydrocarbon generated and delivered in the manner described, thereresults a very perfect combustion characterized by an absence from snn1re and an intensely hot blue iiame. The vapor generated engages withconsiderable force upon the grating. The vapor thereupon is divided intoa great number of broken and eddying currents, some of which penetrateinto the space 35 beneath the grating while vothers are deflectedlaterally against the `ring 38.

o Vair is admitted into the vaporizing chamber, hence there is no dangerof explosion. The gas is discharged from the nozzle opening withoutviolence and is consumed in the combustion chamber withouty theunpleasant roaring noise frequently encountered in this class of device.In case of the flooding of said chamber by oil in greater amounts thancan be volatilized, it will spread upon the surface 23 and follow thepassage 32 tothe opening 31 whereupon it iiows into the superheatingchamber 26 and,

if still in excess of the vaporizing capacity of the apparatus, willflow through the nozzle 25 upon thepan-bottom 7. The oil is permittedthus to flow when it is desired to start the operation of the apparatus;the oil received in said pan being ignited to furthe combustion i,

Cri.

nish the required heat to the several parts, whereupon they proceedautomatically to assume their several functions.

Having described my invention, what I claiin as new and desire to secureby Letters Patent oil the United States, is y 1. A hydrocarbon burnercomprising a basepan, a grating arranged at each end thereof, an uprighthollow support interposed'between said gratings and communicating at itslower end with the interior of said pan, said support at its topprovided with. an outlet, a plate mounted upon and having a dependingflange surrounding said upright, a double ridge at the perimeter ot saidplate, an inverted hollow cone depending from said plate at each side otsaid support, each of said cones formed with a vertically-disposednozzle at its lower end and cach of said concs constituting asuperheating chamber, an oil supply pipe extending through said supportand opening through said plate, and a hood inelosing the plate andprovided with a pair ot' grooves in which extend said ridges.

A hydrocarbon burner con'iprising a base pan, a grating arranged at eachend thereof, an upright hollow support interposed between said gratingsand communicating at its lower end with the interior of said pan, saidsupport at its top provided with an outlet, a plate mounted upon andhaving a depending flange su rroiinding said upright, a double ridge atthe perimeter oi said plate, an inverted hollow cone depending from saidplate at cach side oli said snpport, each oit said cones formed with avertically-disposed nozzle at its lower end and each of said conesconstituting a superheating chamber, an oilfsiipply pipe extendingthrough said support and opening through said plate, a hood inclosingthe plate and provided with a pair ot' grooves in which extend saidridges, a wall projecting Jfrom said plate and forming a continuationotl the inner face of each ot the conesl and formed with an opening, andan extension integral with the plate, with one end of said wall and withthe inner ridge, thereby forming a conducting means for the oil to thesaid opening.

3. A hydrocarbon burner comprising a base pan, a vertically-disposedsupport ar- 'i'anged centrally thereof, a. plate mounted upon saidsupport and having an uptiirncd portion at its perimeter, a pair othollow .inverted cones integral with said plat: and arranged one at eachside ot' said support and constituting superheatiiig chambers,verticallydisposed nozzle at the lower end oteach ot said cones, saidcones having their lower ends spaced from said base pan, a 'hoodinclo'sing said plate and depending below said cones and having theiiptiirned portion of said plate extending therein, an oil supplipipeproject-ing through said pan, support and opening through said plate,and means integral with the plate for directing the oil to saidsiiperheating chambers, the top of said cover spaced from said directingmeans.

et. A hydrocarbon burner 'con'iprising a base pan, a vertically-disposedsupport arranged centrally thereof, a plate mounted upon said supportand having an uptiirned portion at its perimeter, a pair of hollowinverted cones integral with said plate and arranged one at each side ofsaid support and constituting siiperheating chambers, avertically-disposed nozzle at the lower end of each of said cones, saidcones having their lower ends spaced from said base pan,

a hood inclosing said plate and depending below said cones and havingthe iipturned portion ot Isaid plate extending therein, an oil supplypipe projecting through said pan, support and opening through saidplate, means integral with the plate for directing the oil to saidsiiperlieating chambers, the top of said cover spaced t'ioin saiddirecting means, and a grating arranged within said pan at cach side ofsaid support and supported Vabove the bottoni of the pan.

A hydrocarbon burner comprising a base pan, a vertically-disposedsupport arranged centi-all) .iereof., a plate iounted upon said supportand having an upturned portion at its perimeter, a pair of hollowinverted cones integral with said plate and arranged one at each side ofsaid support and constituting superheating chambers, avertically-disposed nozzle at the end of each cone and spaced from saidbase pan, a hood inclosing said plate and depending below said cones andhaving the upturned portion otI said plate extending therein, an oilsupply pipe projecting through said pan, support andopening through saidplate, means integral with the plate for directing the oil to saidsuperheating chambers, the top ot said cover spaced troni said directingnic-ans. and a grating arranged within said pan at. each side ot saidsupport and siipported above the bottoni of the pan, each o t saidgratings including a heat retaining ring.

l G. A hydrocarbon burner comprising a base pan. a plate arranged overand spaced ,l'i'oin said base pan and provided with a pair ot' invertedhollow depending cones each having its lower end spaced from the basepan and foi-ined with a vertically-disposed nozzle, said plate havingits perimeter provided with a. pair ol ridges, a cover iiiclosing theplate and depending below the concs and having grooves tor the receptionot said ridges. and means for Supplying oil to 4the upper surfaces ofsaid plate, said`hollow cones` 'forming superheating chambers.

7. A hydrocarbon burner comprising a base pan, a plate arranged over andspaced posed nozzle, said plate having its perimeter provided with apair of ridges, a cover inclosing the plete and depending below thecones and having grooves for the recept-ion of said ridges, means forsupplying oil to 10 the upper surfaces of seid plate, said holloW conesforming superlrieatingv chambers, and means integral With the upper face.of said plate Jfor directing any oil not vaporized in a oircuitouscourse to said superheating chambers.

CHRISTIAN BACKINGER.

Vitnesses PETER DEUTSCH, H. BARNES.

